BASH和PowerShell命令对照表 5


ash PowerShell Description
Scripting Basics
Put a “shebang” at the beginning of the file:
#!/bin/bash

Change permissions on script file to allow execution.
Give the file a ps1 extension. For downloaded scripts, unblock the file under file properties in Windows Explorer. Steps for making scripting files run. In PowerShell, the first time you do scripting, you will need to set the appropriate security settings: run PowerShell as administrator and type set-executionpolicy remotesigned.
source (or) . . shell built-in: execute the commands in a file
echo String echo String (or)
Write-Host String
Prints String to the screen. In PowerShell, Write-Host forces the output to the screen instead of being a return value.
var=0
(No spaces around =)
$var = 0 Creates a variable $var. In BASH, do not put whitespace around the equals sign, and do not use a $ in the variable assignment.
let var=$var+5 (or)
var=$(( $var + 5 ))
$var += 5 Add 5 to $var
# comment # comment A comment
Strings
= != -eq -ne -ceq -cne String comparisons. In BASH, be sure the strings litereals are in quotes.
"" | gm Get a list of non-static string members
[string] | gm -static Get a list of static string members
${string#text_to_remove} string.TrimStart("characters") Removes the specified characters/text from the beginning of the string.
${string%text_to_remove} string.TrimEnd("characters") Removes the specified characters/text from the end of the string.  Suppose $fnm == helloThere.txt; then ${fnm%.???} is helloThere
Pattern Matching
grep select-string print lines matching a pattern
sed -replace performs string transformations
Booleans and Conditions
true  false $true  $false Boolean literals
-lt -gt -le -ge -eq -ne -lt -gt -le -ge -eq -ne Arithmetic relational operators
  -like True if a string matches a wildcard pattern
  -match True if a string matches a regular expressions
Where-Object { condition } Used to filter input by a condition. Remember that $_ refers to the current object being tested.
-z $var $var -eq $null True if $var is null
-n $var $var -ne $null True if $var is not null (contains one or more characters)
-o -a -or -and Logical or and and
-e file Test-Path file True if file exists.
! -e file ! (Test-Path file) True if file does not exist.
-d file file.PSISContainer True if file is a directory. In PowerShell, if file is not a file variable, be sure to get the file object first with gi.
-s file True if file exists and has a size greater than zero.
file1 -nt file2 True if file1 is newer (according to modification date) than file2
file1 -ot file2 True if file1 is older (according to modification date) than file2
Control Structures
if [ condition ]
then
codeblock
fi
if (condition) {
codeblock
}
If statement. In BASH, be sure to leave a space between the condition and the bracket.
if [ condition ]
then
codeblock
elif [ condition ]
then
codeblock
else
codeblock
fi
if (condition) {
codeblock
}
elseif (condition) {
codeblock
}
else {
codeblock
}
If – else if – else statement
var=0
while [ $var -lt 10 ]
do
echo $var
var=$(( $var + 1 ))
done
$var = 0
while ($var -lt 10) {
echo $var
$var++
}
Prints numbers 0 through 9.
for ((i=0; i < 10; i++)) do
echo $i
done
for ($i=0;$i -lt 10; $i++)
{
echo $i
}
Prints numbers 0 through 9.
for var in $array
do
codeblock
done
foreach ($var in $array)
{
codeblock
}
For each loop
continue  break continue  break Loop controls: continue stops current loop iteration and begins the next; break exits the loop currently being executed.
basename file file.name The name of file without the path. In PowerShell, remember to first get the file object.
dirname file file.directoryname The name directory file is in. In PowerShell, remember to first get the file object.
stat -c%s $file (or)
$(stat -c%s $file)
file.length The number of bytes in file. In PowerShell, remember to first get the file object.
file.LastWriteTime The last modified time for file. Remember to first get the file object.
files=`ls` (or)
files=$(ls) (or)
files=*
$files = Get-Item * Store a list of the files in the current working directory in $files. In PowerShell, check out the -exclude flag as well as the Get-ChildItem cmdlet.
|  >  >>  2>  2>> |  >  >>  2>  2>> Piping, output and error redirection. In BASH, output redirected to /dev/null is gone. In PowerShell, output redirected to $null is gone.
printArg()
{
echo $1
}
function printArg
{
param ($p1)
echo $p1
}
function to print the first argument to the screen.
return_five()
{
return 5
}

return_five
echo $?

function return_five
{
echo 5
  (or)  return 5
}

$value = return_five
echo $value

Function returns 5, which is printed after the function call. In PowerShell, any output in a function that is not caught is returned. The return statement merely ends the function. The return value of a BASH function is stored in the variable $?.
File Information/Operations
ls Listing of files. For bash, learn the options of -lisa, -r, -R.
ls Listing of files. For PowerShell, learn -f, -r, -filter, and -exclude
tree tree Graphically displays the directory structure of a drive or path.
cat cat List the contents of a file on the stdout
more more List the contents of a file on the stdout, pausing after each page
mkdir mkdir Creates a directory.
rmdir rmdir Deletes a folder if it is empty
pwd pwd print working directory
cd cd Change the current directory to the one given as argument.
pushd pushd Saves the current directory name on the stack, and then cd’s the one given as argument.
popd popd Pop off the top-most name on the stack, and then cd to it
mv mv Moves or renames files. In PowerShell, check out the -force and -WhatIf flags. In BASH, check out the -f flag.
cp -r cp -r Copies files and directory trees recursively.
cp cp Copies files. In PowerShell, check out the -force and -WhatIf flags. In BASH, check out the -f flag.
rm rm Deletes a file. Check out the -r flag. In PowerShell, check out the -force and -WhatIf flags. In BASH, check out the -f flag.
cat cat show the contents of each file in sequence
more more pagination
rm rm Remove files
ln Link (hard or soft) to an existing file.
mklink Link (hard or soft) to an existing file. Type cmd /c mklink to use it in PowerShell
chmod attrib Change file permissions/attributes
icacls Displays or modifies access control lists (ACLs) of files
chown icacls Change ownership of a file. In PowerShell, multiple steps are necessary
umask get/set the file mode creation mask; packed vector of bits controlling the initial permissions on a newly created file
du measure Disk space Used. In PowerShell, try gci . -r | measure -property length -sum
wc Measure-Object word count, etc.
od Octal dump of file content. Almost always used with -x for hexadecimal dump
tr Translate/substitute characters; useful in improving interoperability
assoc List associations of commands with extensions. Type cmd /c assoc to use it in PowerShell
file Heuristically determine the type of file content
grep select-string Search for a string in a file’s content. For now, learn it without regexp.
find gci Locate a file. By name, etc. For now, learn it without regexp.
which Gives the full path name of a command
where Gives the full path name of a command.  Type cmd /c where to use it in PowerShell
diff diff List the differences between two text files
cmp, diff compare, diff show the differences between two files
  gci . -r | sort length -descending | select -first 10 get a list of the 10 largest files in the current directory (recursive)
vi vim A powerful text editor. For now, learn to edit simple text files with it.
kate, leafpad notepad Simple text editors.
emacs emacs A very powerful multi-purpose text editor. For now, learn to edit simple text files with it.
Processes
time Measure-Command times commands, etc.
ps ps shows current processes
gps | sort ws | select -last 5 Get a list of the 5 processes using the most memory
gsv | where {$_.Status -eq "Stopped"} Get a list of stopped services
top like ps, but with continuous updates
bg   place a STOPped process in the background
fg   bring a backgrounded process to foreground
kill kill kills a running program
ltrace   show lib calls made
strace   show sys calls made
System
man man show reference pages
set set set the values of shell variables
set gv get and show the values of shell variables
env ls env:\ lists the current environment variables
$PATH $env:path the search path
links   WWW/News/Mail browser
sftp, filezilla  filezilla transfer files securely to/from a remote machine
ssh, putty  sshclient, putty remote login securely
w   who is on the system, and what they are doing
df gdr show mounted volumes, etc.

原文链接: BASH and PowerShell Quick Reference

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